Category: Business Spanish Courses Online – Legal Spanish Tips

Feminine noun. Public limited company with legal personality in which the capital, divided into shares (acciones), is made up of the contributions of the partners who are not personally liable for the company debts. It is usually presented with the name of the company plus S.A. E.g. YPF S.A.
Why is it called anónima? Because the share can be transferable to anybody, although the estatuto social (bylaw) can state some limitations. If the acciones are sold in the bolsa de valores (stoke exchange) is a sociedad anónima cotizada. dc

Plural masculine nouns. In Legal Spanish they are never used in singular.
Daños are those impairments that, because of a certain event, a person suffers in their property, and for which another must respond. On the other hand, perjuicios are those legal gains that are no longer obtained or the expenses that are caused by the act or omission of another, and that the latter must compensate, in addition to the daño caused directly. dc

Feminine noun. From the Latin adjective nullus, without value and effects.
As in resolución and rescición we are speaking about the end of a contract, but in the case of nulidad, the cause of the end the contract pre-exists its execution and it makes it invalid or non-existent. Another legal fiction: we are speaking about the end of something that does not exist. In a nutshell, if in the rescición of a contract we are in front of a valid contract with a pre-existent cause of invalidity, in the nulidad of a contract, we are in front of nothing. An example of a contract subject of rescición is when someone who is insolvent sells their assets. An example of a contract subject of nulidad is the contract executed by a minor.
There is another word: anulabilidad, and it refers to the end of a contract due to a cause pre-existent to its execution (as in rescición and nulidad) but, these irregularities can be amended and there it resides the main difference with a contract with a nulidad, which cannot be amended. A perfect example of a contract subject to anulabilidad is the sale of community property (bien ganancial) without the consent of both spouses; that consent can be given at a later stage.
The verb is anular. dc

Feminine noun. From the Latin rescissĭo, –ōnis, and this one from rescindĕre, formed by re- and scindĕre, rip.
This word is just used in legal context and it refers to the extinction or end of an existent contract.
The main difference between rescición and the resolución of a contract is that the rescición occurs for causes existent during its execution , e.g. an insolvent person who sells their assets to harm their creditors; and the resolución is the end of the contract for causes that appear after its execution, e.g. incumplimiento de contrato.
The verb is rescindir. dc

Adjective. From the Latin aliēnus, and this one from alĭus, other. Belonging to another person.
Most dictionaries will translate ajeno as alien, but, the real translation is a bit more complicated. It is important to notice that ajeno is just an adjective while alien can be an adjective and a noun. In fact, the title of the movie Alien cannot be translated into Spanish and it is known in the Spanish world simply as Alien.
We use this adjective in expressions like amigo de lo ajeno, a thief; in the tenth commandment (mandamiento): no codiciarás los bienes ajenos: You shall not covet your neighbor’s house; and sentir vergüenza ajena, to feel embarrassed by someone else’s behaviour; trabajador/a por cuenta ajena: employed person (It makes sense, as an employee works for someone else’s interests).
In Legal Spanish, we use ajeno in venta de cosa ajena, fraud by selling something that does not belong to you; in the verb enajenar, to transfer the property; and the noun enajenación, transference of property. dc

Feminine noun. From the Latin sollicitūdo. In Legal and Business Spanish is a letter or document in which something is officially requested, an application form. The verb is solicitar. If you are applying for a job, the expression is rellenar una/la solicitud de trabajo. The same if you are requesting anything from an authority, e.g.: solicitud de exención contributiva, solicitar una exención impositiva.
If you are applying to the university, we use inscribirse en la universidad. Iscribirse infers that the application was accepted, in this case it would be better solicitar la inscripción en la universidad. If the U.K. is joining the EU, the expression is ingresar en la UE. The noun is el ingreso. If you are filling the application form to join a gym or a club, we use inscribirse en un gimnasio/un club. The noun is la inscripción. Please do not use aplicar para el gimnasio, etc., even if you hear it from your Spanish speaking friends. It is not just wrong, it also sounds awful.
Aplicar in Spanish has mainly two meanings 1. to put something on something else or in contact with something else and; 2. to employ, manage or put into practice a knowledge, measure or principle, in order to obtain a certain effect or performance in someone or something. In these cases the noun is la aplicación and the adjective aplicable: ley aplicable: applicable law.
Another way of saying ‘to join’ is the expression sumarse a; e.g.: Suiza se sumó a las sanciones de la UE contra Rusia y congeló los activos de Putin: Switzerland joined the EU sanctions against Russia and froze Putin’s assets. As you can see, it is used to express the idea of joining an initiative or an action. dc